Executions of convicts, arrests of dissidents, and a rise in patrols enforcing the mandatory wearing of hijabs: campaigners claim Iran is increasing repression at home as tensions with its arch-foe Israel escalate. Iranians in the Islamic republic have endured increased repression since nationwide protests were sparked from September 2022 by the death in custody of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini, who was arrested for allegedly flouting the mandatory dress rules for women.